함수 f ( x ) = { x 2 − 1 ( x < 1 ) a − a ∣ x − 2 ∣ ( x ≥ 1 ) \displaystyle f \left( x \right) = {\begin{cases} x ^{2} - 1 & & \left( x < 1 \right) \\ a - a \left| x - 2 \right| & & \left( x \geq 1 \right) \end{cases}} f ( x ) = { x 2 − 1 a − a ∣ x − 2 ∣ ( x < 1 ) ( x ≥ 1 ) 에 대하여
lim x → 1 − f ( x ) \displaystyle \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 1 -} {} f \left( x \right) x → 1 − lim f ( x ) = lim x → 1 − ( x 2 − 1 ) \displaystyle = \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 1 -} {} \left( x ^{2} - 1 \right) = x → 1 − lim ( x 2 − 1 ) = 0 = 0 = 0
lim x → 1 + f ( x ) \displaystyle \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 1 +} {} f \left( x \right) x → 1 + lim f ( x ) = lim x → 1 + ( a − a ∣ x − 2 ∣ ) \displaystyle = \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 1 +} {} \left( a - a \left| x - 2 \right| \right) = x → 1 + lim ( a − a ∣ x − 2 ∣ ) = 0 = 0 = 0
f ( 1 ) = 0 f \left( 1 \right) = 0 f ( 1 ) = 0
즉, 함수 f ( x ) f ( x ) f ( x ) 는 x = 1 x = 1 x = 1 에서 연속이므로 f ( x ) f ( x ) f ( x ) 는 실수 전체의 집합에서 연속이다. 따라서 함수 ∫ b x f ( t ) d t \displaystyle \int _{b} ^{x} {} f \left( t \right) dt ∫ b x f ( t ) d t 는 미분가능한 함수이다.
∫ b x f ( t ) d t = F ( x ) \displaystyle \int _{b} ^{x} {} f \left( t \right) dt = F \left( x \right) ∫ b x f ( t ) d t = F ( x ) 라 하자.
F ( b ) = 0 F \left( b \right) = 0 F ( b ) = 0 , F ′ ( x ) = f ( x ) F' \left( x \right) = f \left( x \right) F ′ ( x ) = f ( x )
이므로 함수 g ( x ) = ∣ x ( x − 2 ) ∣ ∫ b x f ( t ) d t \displaystyle g \left( x \right) = \left| x \left( x - 2 \right) \right| \int _{b} ^{x} {} f \left( t \right) dt g ( x ) = ∣ x ( x − 2 ) ∣ ∫ b x f ( t ) d t 에서
g ( x ) = ∣ x ( x − 2 ) ∣ F ( x ) g \left( x \right) = \left| x \left( x - 2 \right) \right| F \left( x \right) g ( x ) = ∣ x ( x − 2 ) ∣ F ( x )
이다.
g ( x ) g \left( x \right) g ( x ) = { x ( x − 2 ) F ( x ) ( x < 0 ) x ( 2 − x ) F ( x ) ( 0 ≤ x < 2 ) x ( x − 2 ) F ( x ) ( x ≥ 2 ) \displaystyle = {\begin{cases} x \left( x - 2 \right) F \left( x \right) & & \left( x < 0 \right) \\ x \left( 2 - x \right) F \left( x \right) & & \left( 0 \leq x < 2 \right) \\ x \left( x - 2 \right) F \left( x \right) & & \left( x \geq 2 \right) \end{cases}} = ⎩ ⎨ ⎧ x ( x − 2 ) F ( x ) x ( 2 − x ) F ( x ) x ( x − 2 ) F ( x ) ( x < 0 ) ( 0 ≤ x < 2 ) ( x ≥ 2 )
함수 g ( x ) g \left( x \right) g ( x ) 는 실수 전체의 집합에서 미분가능하므로 x = 0 x = 0 x = 0 , x = 2 x = 2 x = 2 에서 미분가능하다.
lim x → 0 − g ( x ) − g ( 0 ) x \displaystyle \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 0 -} {} \frac{g \left( x \right) - g \left( 0 \right)}{x} x → 0 − lim x g ( x ) − g ( 0 ) = lim x → 0 − x ( x − 2 ) F ( x ) x \displaystyle = \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 0 -} {} \frac{x \left( x - 2 \right) F \left( x \right)}{x} = x → 0 − lim x x ( x − 2 ) F ( x ) = − 2 F ( 0 ) = - 2 F \left( 0 \right) = − 2 F ( 0 )
lim x → 0 + g ( x ) − g ( 0 ) x \displaystyle \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 0 +} {} \frac{g \left( x \right) - g \left( 0 \right)}{x} x → 0 + lim x g ( x ) − g ( 0 ) = lim x → 0 + x ( 2 − x ) F ( x ) x \displaystyle = \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 0 +} {} \frac{x \left( 2 - x \right) F \left( x \right)}{x} = x → 0 + lim x x ( 2 − x ) F ( x ) = 2 F ( 0 ) = 2 F \left( 0 \right) = 2 F ( 0 )
lim x → 0 − g ( x ) − g ( 0 ) x = lim x → 0 + g ( x ) − g ( 0 ) x \displaystyle \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 0 -} {} \frac{g \left( x \right) - g \left( 0 \right)}{x} = \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 0 +} {} \frac{g \left( x \right) - g \left( 0 \right)}{x} x → 0 − lim x g ( x ) − g ( 0 ) = x → 0 + lim x g ( x ) − g ( 0 ) 이므로
− 2 F ( 0 ) = 2 F ( 0 ) - 2 F \left( 0 \right) = 2 F \left( 0 \right) − 2 F ( 0 ) = 2 F ( 0 ) , F ( 0 ) = 0 F \left( 0 \right) = 0 F ( 0 ) = 0 , ∫ b 0 f ( t ) d t = 0 \displaystyle \int _{b} ^{0} {} f \left( t \right) dt = 0 ∫ b 0 f ( t ) d t = 0
∴ \therefore ∴ ∫ 0 b f ( t ) d t = 0 \displaystyle \int _{0} ^{b} {} f \left( t \right) dt = 0 ∫ 0 b f ( t ) d t = 0
x = 2 x = 2 x = 2 에서
lim x → 2 − g ( x ) − g ( 2 ) x − 2 \displaystyle \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 2 -} {} \frac{g \left( x \right) - g \left( 2 \right)}{x - 2} x → 2 − lim x − 2 g ( x ) − g ( 2 ) = lim x → 2 − x ( 2 − x ) F ( x ) x − 2 \displaystyle = \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 2 -} {} \frac{x \left( 2 - x \right) F \left( x \right)}{x - 2} = x → 2 − lim x − 2 x ( 2 − x ) F ( x ) = − 2 F ( 2 ) = - 2 F \left( 2 \right) = − 2 F ( 2 )
lim x → 2 + g ( x ) − g ( 2 ) x − 2 \displaystyle \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 2 +} {} \frac{g \left( x \right) - g \left( 2 \right)}{x - 2} x → 2 + lim x − 2 g ( x ) − g ( 2 ) = lim x → 2 + x ( x − 2 ) F ( x ) x − 2 \displaystyle = \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 2 +} {} \frac{x \left( x - 2 \right) F \left( x \right)}{x - 2} = x → 2 + lim x − 2 x ( x − 2 ) F ( x ) = 2 F ( 2 ) = 2 F \left( 2 \right) = 2 F ( 2 )
lim x → 2 − g ( x ) − g ( 2 ) x − 2 = lim x → 2 + g ( x ) − g ( 2 ) x − 2 \displaystyle \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 2 -} {} \frac{g \left( x \right) - g \left( 2 \right)}{x - 2} = \lim\limits _{x \rightarrow 2 +} {} \frac{g \left( x \right) - g \left( 2 \right)}{x - 2} x → 2 − lim x − 2 g ( x ) − g ( 2 ) = x → 2 + lim x − 2 g ( x ) − g ( 2 ) 이므로
− 2 F ( 2 ) = 2 F ( 2 ) - 2 F \left( 2 \right) = 2 F \left( 2 \right) − 2 F ( 2 ) = 2 F ( 2 ) , F ( 2 ) = 0 F \left( 2 \right) = 0 F ( 2 ) = 0 , ∫ b 2 f ( t ) d t = 0 \displaystyle \int _{b} ^{2} {} f \left( t \right) dt = 0 ∫ b 2 f ( t ) d t = 0
∴ \therefore ∴ ∫ 2 b f ( t ) d t = 0 \displaystyle \int _{2} ^{b} {} f \left( t \right) dt = 0 ∫ 2 b f ( t ) d t = 0
∫ 0 b f ( t ) d t = 0 \displaystyle \int _{0} ^{b} {} f \left( t \right) dt = 0 ∫ 0 b f ( t ) d t = 0 , ∫ b 2 f ( t ) d t = 0 \displaystyle \int _{b} ^{2} {} f \left( t \right) dt = 0 ∫ b 2 f ( t ) d t = 0 이므로
∫ 0 2 f ( t ) d t \displaystyle \int _{0} ^{2} {} f \left( t \right) dt ∫ 0 2 f ( t ) d t = ∫ 0 b f ( t ) d + ∫ b 2 f ( t ) d t \displaystyle = \int _{0} ^{b} {} f \left( t \right) d + \int _{b} ^{2} {} f \left( t \right) dt = ∫ 0 b f ( t ) d + ∫ b 2 f ( t ) d t = 0 = 0 = 0
이다.
∫ 0 2 f ( t ) d t = 0 \displaystyle \int _{0} ^{2} {} f \left( t \right) dt = 0 ∫ 0 2 f ( t ) d t = 0 이므로 위의 그림에서 두 영역 A A A , B B B 의 넓이가 같다.
1 2 × 1 6 × 2 3 = a 2 \displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{6} \times 2 ^{3} = \frac{a}{2} 2 1 × 6 1 × 2 3 = 2 a ∴ \therefore ∴ a = 4 3 \displaystyle a = \frac{4}{3} a = 3 4
위의 그림에서 색칠한 네 영역 A A A , B B B , C C C , D D D 의 넓이가 같으므로 ∫ 2 b f ( t ) d t = 0 \displaystyle \int _{2} ^{b} {} f \left( t \right) dt = 0 ∫ 2 b f ( t ) d t = 0 이고, b > 0 b > 0 b > 0 인 실수 b b b 는
b = 2 b = 2 b = 2 또는 b = 4 b = 4 b = 4
따라서 a + b a + b a + b 의 최댓값은 a = 4 3 \displaystyle a = \frac{4}{3} a = 3 4 , b = 4 b = 4 b = 4 일 때 16 3 \displaystyle \frac{16}{3} 3 16 이다.