기하평면벡터수능 기출기본 문제 (3점 중반)

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문제

다음은 A=π2\displaystyle \angle {\mathrm{A}} \mathit{=} \frac{\pi}{2}인 직각삼각형 ABC{\mathrm{ABC}}에서 변 BC{\mathrm{BC}}의 삼등분 점을 각각 D{\mathrm{D}}E{\mathrm{E}}라고 할 때, AD2+AE2+DE2=23BC2\displaystyle {\overline{\mathrm{AD} \mathit{^{}}}} ^{2} + {\overline{\mathrm{AE} \mathit{^{}}}} ^{2} + {\overline{\mathrm{DE} \mathit{^{}}}} ^{2} = \frac{2}{3} {\overline{\mathrm{BC} \mathit{^{}}}} ^{2}이 성립함을 벡터를 이용하여 증명한 것이다.

AB=a{\vec{{\mathrm{AB}}}} = {\vec{a}}, AC=b{\vec{{\mathrm{AC}}}} = {\vec{b}}로 놓으면 BC=ba{\vec{{\mathrm{BC}}}} = {\vec{b}} - {\vec{a}}이고 다음이 성립한다. AD{\vec{{\mathrm{AD}}}}==(){\square {\left( \text{가} \right)}} AE={\vec{{\mathrm{AE}}}} =(){\square {\left( \text{나} \right)}} DE=13BC=13(ba)\displaystyle {\vec{{\mathrm{DE}}}} = \frac{1}{3} {\vec{{\mathrm{BC}}}} = \frac{1}{3} ( {\vec{b}} - {\vec{a}} ) 그러므로 다음을 얻는다. AD2\left| {\vec{\mathrm{AD}}} \right| ^{2}==(){\square {\left( \text{다} \right)}} AE2=\left| {\vec{\mathrm{AE}}} \right| ^{2} =(){\square {\left( \text{라} \right)}} DE2=19(a22ab+b2)\displaystyle \left| {\vec{\mathrm{DE}}} \right| ^{2} = \frac{1}{9} \left( \left| {\vec{a}} \right| ^{2} - 2 {\vec{a}} \bullet {\vec{b}} + \left| {\vec{b}} \right| ^{2} \right) AD2+AE2+DE2=23(a2+b2+ab)\displaystyle \left| {\vec{\mathrm{AD}}} \right| ^{2} + \left| {\vec{\mathrm{AE}}} \right| ^{2} + \left| {\vec{\mathrm{DE}}} \right| ^{2} = \frac{2}{3} \left( \left| {\vec{a}} \right| ^{2} + \left| {\vec{b}} \right| ^{2} + {\vec{a}} \bullet {\vec{b}} \right) BC2=b2+a22ab\left| {\vec{\mathrm{BC}}} \right| ^{2} = \left| {\vec{b}} \right| ^{2} + \left| {\vec{a}} \right| ^{2} - 2 {\vec{a}} \bullet {\vec{b}} 이때, ab{\vec{a}} \perp {\vec{b}}이므로 ab=0{\vec{a}} \bullet {\vec{b}} = 0이고 다음이 성립한다. AD2+AE2+DE2=23BC2\displaystyle \left| {\vec{\mathrm{AD}}} \right| ^{2} + \left| {\vec{\mathrm{AE}}} \right| ^{2} + \left| {\vec{\mathrm{DE}}} \right| ^{2} = \frac{2}{3} \left| {\vec{\mathrm{BC}}} \right| ^{2} 따라서 AD2+AE2+DE2=23BC2\displaystyle {\overline{\mathrm{AD} \mathit{^{}}}} ^{2} + {\overline{\mathrm{AE} \mathit{^{}}}} ^{2} + {\overline{\mathrm{DE} \mathit{^{}}}} ^{2} = \frac{2}{3} {\overline{\mathrm{BC} \mathit{^{}}}} ^{2}이다.

위의 증명에서 (가)와 (라)에 알맞은 것은? [3점]

(가)(라)
23a+13b\displaystyle \frac{2}{3} {\vec{a}} + \frac{1}{3} {\vec{b}}19(a2+4ab+4b2)\displaystyle \frac{1}{9} \left( \left| {\vec{a}} \right| ^{2} + 4 {\vec{a}} \bullet {\vec{b}} + 4 \left| {\vec{b}} \right| ^{2} \right)
23a+13b\displaystyle \frac{2}{3} {\vec{a}} + \frac{1}{3} {\vec{b}}19(4a2+4ab+b2)\displaystyle \frac{1}{9} \left( 4 \left| {\vec{a}} \right| ^{2} + 4 {\vec{a}} \bullet {\vec{b}} + \left| {\vec{b}} \right| ^{2} \right)
23a+13b\displaystyle \frac{2}{3} {\vec{a}} + \frac{1}{3} {\vec{b}}19(a2+2ab+b2)\displaystyle \frac{1}{9} \left( \left| {\vec{a}} \right| ^{2} + 2 {\vec{a}} \bullet {\vec{b}} + \left| {\vec{b}} \right| ^{2} \right)
13a+23b\displaystyle \frac{1}{3} {\vec{a}} + \frac{2}{3} {\vec{b}}19(a2+4ab+4b2)\displaystyle \frac{1}{9} \left( \left| {\vec{a}} \right| ^{2} + 4 {\vec{a}} \bullet {\vec{b}} + 4 \left| {\vec{b}} \right| ^{2} \right)
13a+23b\displaystyle \frac{1}{3} {\vec{a}} + \frac{2}{3} {\vec{b}}19(4a2+4ab+b2)\displaystyle \frac{1}{9} \left( 4 \left| {\vec{a}} \right| ^{2} + 4 {\vec{a}} \bullet {\vec{b}} + \left| {\vec{b}} \right| ^{2} \right)
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아직 올라온 파일이 없습니다.

해설

AB=a,AC=b\mathrm{\vec{AB}} = {\vec{\mathit{a}}} , {\mathrm{\vec{AC}}} = \mathit{\vec{b}}로 놓으면BC=ba\mathrm{\vec{BC}} = {\vec{\mathit{b}}} - {\vec{\mathit{a}}}이고, AD=AB+BD\mathrm{\vec{AD}} = {\vec{AB}} + {\vec{BD}}=a+13(ba)\displaystyle = {\vec{a}} + \frac{1}{3} \left( {\vec{b}} - {\vec{a}} \right)=23a+13b\displaystyle = {\square {\frac{2}{3} {\vec{a}} + \frac{1}{3} {\vec{b}}}} AE=AB+BE\mathrm{\vec{AE}} = {\vec{AB}} + {\vec{BE}}=a+23(ba)\displaystyle = {\vec{a}} + \frac{2}{3} \left( {\vec{b}} - {\vec{a}} \right)=13a+23b\displaystyle = {\square {\frac{1}{3} {\vec{a}} + \frac{2}{3} {\vec{b}}}} \thereforeAD2\mathrm{\left| {\vec{AD}} \right|} ^{2}=23a+13b2\displaystyle = \mathit{\left| \frac{2}{3} {\vec{a}} + \frac{1}{3} {\vec{b}} \right|} ^{2}=(23a+13b)(23a+13b)\displaystyle = \left( \frac{2}{3} {\vec{a}} + \frac{1}{3} {\vec{b}} \right) \cdot \left( \frac{2}{3} {\vec{a}} + \frac{1}{3} {\vec{b}} \right) =19(4a2+4ab+b2)\displaystyle = {\square {\frac{1}{9} \left( 4 | {\vec{a}} \right| ^{2} + 4 {\vec{a}} \cdot {\vec{b}} + \left| {\vec{b}} \right| ^{2} )}} AE2\mathrm{\left| {\vec{AE}} \right|} ^{2}=13a+23b2\displaystyle = \left| \frac{1}{3} {\vec{a}} + \frac{2}{3} {\vec{b}} \right| ^{2}=(13a+23b)(13a+23b)\displaystyle = \left( \frac{1}{3} {\vec{a}} + \frac{2}{3} {\vec{b}} \right) \cdot \left( \frac{1}{3} {\vec{a}} + \frac{2}{3} {\vec{b}} \right) =19(a2+4ab+4b2)\displaystyle = {\square {\frac{1}{9} \left( | {\vec{a}} \right| ^{2} + 4 {\vec{a}} \cdot {\vec{b}} + 4 \left| {\vec{b}} \right| ^{2} )}} 따라서, (가)와 (라)에 알맞은 것은 23a+13b\displaystyle \frac{2}{3} {\vec{a}} + \frac{1}{3} {\vec{b}}19(a2+4ab+4b2)\displaystyle \left. \frac{1}{9} \left( | {\vec{a}} \right| ^{2} + 4 {\vec{a}} \cdot {\vec{b}} + 4 \left| {\vec{b}} \right| ^{2} \right)이다.

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