대수수학적 귀납법수능 기출심화 문제 (4점 중반 이후, 킬러 직전)

부등식 증명 빈칸

문제

수열 {an}\left\{ a _{n} \right\}이 모든 자연수 nn에 대하여 12a1+34a2+56a3++(2n1)2nann1 \cdot 2 a _{1} + 3 \cdot 4 a _{2} + 5 \cdot 6 a _{3} + \cdots + ( 2 n - 1 ) \cdot 2 n a _{n} \geq n 을 만족시킬 때, 다음은 부등식 a1+a2+a3++an()a _{1} + a _{2} + a _{3} + \cdots + a _{n} \geq \square {( \text{가} )} 이 성립함을 증명한 것이다.‘나’형

<증명> a1+a2+a3++ana _{1} + a _{2} + a _{3} + \cdots + a _{n} =(112)(12a1)+(1314)(34a2)+(1516)(56a3)\displaystyle = \left( 1 - \frac{1}{2} \right) ( 1 \cdot 2 a _{1} ) + \left( \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4} \right) ( 3 \cdot 4 a _{2} ) + \left( \frac{1}{5} - \frac{1}{6} \right) ( 5 \cdot 6 a _{3} )++ \cdots +(12n112n){(2n1)2nan}\displaystyle + \left( \frac{1}{2 n - 1} - \frac{1}{2 n} \right) \left\{ ( 2 n - 1 ) \cdot 2 n a _{n} \right\} =(11213+14)(12a1)+(131415+16)(12a1+34a2)\displaystyle = \left( 1 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} \right) ( 1 \cdot 2 a _{1} ) + \left( \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} \right) ( 1 \cdot 2 a _{1} + 3 \cdot 4 a _{2} ) +(151617+18)(12a1+34a2+56a3)\displaystyle + \left( \frac{1}{5} - \frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{8} \right) ( 1 \cdot 2 a _{1} + 3 \cdot 4 a _{2} + 5 \cdot 6 a _{3} )++ \cdots +(12n112n){12a1+34a2++(2n1)2nan}\displaystyle + \left( \frac{1}{2 n - 1} - \frac{1}{2 n} \right) \left\{ 1 \cdot 2 a _{1} + 3 \cdot 4 a _{2} + \cdots + ( 2 n - 1 ) \cdot 2 n a _{n} \right\}\geq (11213+14)+2(131415+16)+3(151617+18)\displaystyle \left( 1 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} \right) + 2 \left( \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} \right) + 3 \left( \frac{1}{5} - \frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{8} \right) ++()+ \cdots + \square {( \text{나} )} =112+1314+1516++12n112n\displaystyle = 1 - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} - \frac{1}{6} + \cdots + \frac{1}{2 n - 1} - \frac{1}{2 n} =1+12+13+14++12n1+12n()\displaystyle = 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \cdots + \frac{1}{2 n - 1} + \frac{1}{2 n} - \square {( \text{다} )} =()= \square {( \text{가} )}

위의 과정에서 (가), (나), (다)에 알맞은 것은? [4점] (가) (나) (다) k=1n1n+k\displaystyle \sum\limits _{k = 1} ^{n} \frac{1}{n + k} (12n112n)\displaystyle \left( \frac{1}{2 n - 1} - \frac{1}{2 n} \right) 2(12+14+16++12n)\displaystyle 2 \left( \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{6} + \cdots + \frac{1}{2 n} \right)k=1n1n+k\displaystyle \sum\limits _{k = 1} ^{n} \frac{1}{n + k} n(12n112n)\displaystyle n \left( \frac{1}{2 n - 1} - \frac{1}{2 n} \right) 2(12+14+16++12n)\displaystyle 2 \left( \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{6} + \cdots + \frac{1}{2 n} \right)k=12n1n+k\displaystyle \sum\limits _{k = 1} ^{2 n} \frac{1}{n + k} n(12n112n)\displaystyle n \left( \frac{1}{2 n - 1} - \frac{1}{2 n} \right) 2(12+14+16++12n)\displaystyle 2 \left( \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{6} + \cdots + \frac{1}{2 n} \right)k=12n1n+k\displaystyle \sum\limits _{k = 1} ^{2 n} \frac{1}{n + k} n(12n112n)\displaystyle n \left( \frac{1}{2 n - 1} - \frac{1}{2 n} \right) (12+14+16++12n)\displaystyle \left( \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{6} + \cdots + \frac{1}{2 n} \right)k=12n1n+k\displaystyle \sum\limits _{k = 1} ^{2 n} \frac{1}{n + k} (12n112n)\displaystyle \left( \frac{1}{2 n - 1} - \frac{1}{2 n} \right) (12+14+16++12n)\displaystyle \left( \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{6} + \cdots + \frac{1}{2 n} \right)

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a1+a2+a3++ana _{1} + a _{2} + a _{3} + \cdots + a _{n} =(112)(12a1)+(1314)(34a2)+(1516)(56a3)\displaystyle = \left( 1 - \frac{1}{2} \right) ( 1 \cdot 2 a _{1} ) + \left( \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4} \right) ( 3 \cdot 4 a _{2} ) + \left( \frac{1}{5} - \frac{1}{6} \right) ( 5 \cdot 6 a _{3} ) ++(12n112n){(2n1)2nan}\displaystyle + \cdots + \left( \frac{1}{2 n - 1} - \frac{1}{2 n} \right) \left\{ ( 2 n - 1 ) \cdot 2 n a _{n} \right\} =(11213+14)(12a1)\displaystyle = \left( 1 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} \right) ( 1 \cdot 2 a _{1} ) +(131415+16)(12a1+34a2)\displaystyle + \left( \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} \right) ( 1 \cdot 2 a _{1} + 3 \cdot 4 a _{2} ) +(151617+18)(12a1+34a2+56a3)\displaystyle + \left( \frac{1}{5} - \frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{8} \right) ( 1 \cdot 2 a _{1} + 3 \cdot 4 a _{2} + 5 \cdot 6 a _{3} )++ \cdots +(12n112n){12a1+34a2++(2n1)2nan}\displaystyle + \left( \frac{1}{2 n - 1} - \frac{1}{2 n} \right) \left\{ 1 \cdot 2 a _{1} + 3 \cdot 4 a _{2} + \cdots + ( 2 n - 1 ) \cdot 2 n a _{n} \right\} (11213+14)+2(131415+16)\displaystyle \geq \left( 1 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} \right) + 2 \left( \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} \right) +3(151617+18)++n(12n112n)\displaystyle + 3 \left( \frac{1}{5} - \frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{8} \right) + \cdots + n \left( \frac{1}{2 n - 1} - \frac{1}{2 n} \right) =112+1314+1516++12n112n\displaystyle = 1 - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} - \frac{1}{6} + \cdots + \frac{1}{2 n - 1} - \frac{1}{2 n} =1+12+13+14++12n1+12n\displaystyle = 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \cdots + \frac{1}{2 n - 1} + \frac{1}{2 n} 2(12+14+16++12n)\displaystyle - 2 \left( \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{6} + \cdots + \frac{1}{2 n} \right) ==k=1n1n+k\displaystyle \sum\limits _{k = 1} ^{n} \frac{1}{n + k} (가) k=1n1n+k\displaystyle \sum\limits _{k = 1} ^{n} \frac{1}{n + k} (나) n(12n112n)\displaystyle n \left( \frac{1}{2 n - 1} - \frac{1}{2 n} \right) (다) 2(12+14+16++12n)\displaystyle 2 \left( \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{6} + \cdots + \frac{1}{2 n} \right)

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