대수수열의 합수능 기출발전 문제 (3점 후반~4점 초반)

수열의 합 빈칸

문제

다음은 모든 자연수 nn에 대하여 12n+3(2n2)+5(2n4)++(2n1)21 \cdot 2 n + 3 \cdot \left( 2 n - 2 \right) + 5 \cdot \left( 2 n - 4 \right) + \cdots + ( 2 n - 1 ) \cdot 2=n(n+1)(2n+1)3\displaystyle = \frac{n \left( n + 1 \right) \left( 2 n + 1 \right)}{3} 이 성립함을 보이는 과정이다. 12n+3(2n2)+5(2n4)++(2n1)21 \cdot 2 n + 3 \cdot \left( 2 n - 2 \right) + 5 \cdot \left( 2 n - 4 \right) + \cdots + ( 2 n - 1 ) \cdot 2 =k=1n(()){2n(2k2)}\displaystyle \left. = \sum\limits _{k = 1} ^{n} \left( {\square {\left( \text{가} \right)}} \right) \left\{ 2 n - \left( 2 k - 2 \right) \right\} \right. =k=1n(()){2(n+1)2k}\displaystyle \left. \left. = \sum\limits _{k = 1} ^{n} \left( {\square {\left. ( \text{가} \right)}} \right) \left\{ 2 \left( n + 1 \right) - 2 k \right\} \right. \right. =2(n+1)k=1n(())2k=1n(2k2k)\displaystyle \left. \left. = 2 \left( n + 1 \right) \sum\limits _{k = 1} ^{n} \left( {\square {\left. ( \text{가} \right)}} \right) - 2 \sum\limits _{k = 1} ^{n} \left( 2 k ^{2} - k \right) \right. \right. =2(n+1){n(n+1)n}.\left. \left. = 2 \left( n + 1 \right) \left\{ n \left( n + 1 \right) - n \right\} \right. . \right.2{n(n+1)(2n+1)()n(n+1)2}\displaystyle - \left. 2 \left\{ \frac{n \left( n + 1 \right) \left( 2 n + 1 \right)}{{\square {( \text{나} )}}} - \frac{n \left( n + 1 \right)}{2} \right\} \right. =2(n+1)n213n(n+1)(())\displaystyle = 2 \left( n + 1 \right) n ^{2} - \frac{1}{3} n \left( n + 1 \right) \left( {\square {\left. ( \text{다} \right)}} \right) =n(n+1)(2n+1)3\displaystyle = \frac{n \left( n + 1 \right) \left( 2 n + 1 \right)}{3} 이다.

위의 (가), (다)에 알맞은 식을 각각 f(k)f ( k ), g(n)g ( n )이라 하고, (나)에 알맞은 수를 aa라 할 때, f(a)×g(a)f ( a ) \times g ( a )의 값은? [4점] 50505555606065657070

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해설

12n+3(2n2)+5(2n4)1 \cdot 2 n + 3 \cdot \left( 2 n - 2 \right) + 5 \cdot \left( 2 n - 4 \right) ++(2n1)2+ \cdots + ( 2 n - 1 ) \cdot 2 =k=1n(2k1){2n(2k2)}\displaystyle \left. = \sum\limits _{k = 1} ^{n} \left( {\square {2 k - 1}} \right) \left\{ 2 n - \left( 2 k - 2 \right) \right\} \right. =k=1n(2k1){2(n+1)2k}\displaystyle \left. \left. = \sum\limits _{k = 1} ^{n} \left( {\square {2 k - 1}} \right) \left\{ 2 \left( n + 1 \right) - 2 k \right\} \right. \right. =2(n+1)k=1n(2k1)2k=1n(2k2k)\displaystyle \left. \left. = 2 \left( n + 1 \right) \sum\limits _{k = 1} ^{n} \left( {\square {2 k - 1}} \right) - 2 \sum\limits _{k = 1} ^{n} \left( 2 k ^{2} - k \right) \right. \right. =2(n+1){n(n+1)n}\left. \left. = 2 \left( n + 1 \right) \left\{ n \left( n + 1 \right) - n \right\} \right. \right. 2{n(n+1)(2n+1)3n(n+1)2}\displaystyle - \left. 2 \left\{ \frac{n \left( n + 1 \right) \left( 2 n + 1 \right)}{{\square {3}}} - \frac{n \left( n + 1 \right)}{2} \right\} \right. =2(n+1)n213n(n+1)(4n1)\displaystyle = 2 \left( n + 1 \right) n ^{2} - \frac{1}{3} n \left( n + 1 \right) \left( {\square {4 n - 1}} \right) =n(n+1)(2n+1)3\displaystyle = \frac{n \left( n + 1 \right) \left( 2 n + 1 \right)}{3} 이다.

f(k)=2k1f ( k ) = 2 k - 1, a=3a = 3, g(n)=4n1g ( n ) = 4 n - 1 그러므로 f(3)×g(3)=5×11=55f ( 3 ) \times g ( 3 ) = 5 \times 11 = 55

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