[출제의도] 이중근호의 값을 계산한다.
정사각형 A B C D \mathrm{ABCD} ABCD 의 넓이가 48 + 32 2 \displaystyle 48 + 32 \sqrt{2} 48 + 32 2 이므로 정사각형의 한 변의 길이는
48 + 32 2 \displaystyle \sqrt{48 + 32 \sqrt{2}} 48 + 32 2 = 16 3 + 2 2 \displaystyle = \sqrt{16} \sqrt{3 + 2 \sqrt{2}} = 16 3 + 2 2 = 4 ( 2 + 1 ) \displaystyle = 4 \left( \sqrt{2} + 1 \right) = 4 ( 2 + 1 ) = 4 2 + 4 \displaystyle = 4 \sqrt{2} + 4 = 4 2 + 4
이다. 그러므로 변 B C \mathrm{BC} BC 의 길이는 4 2 + 4 \displaystyle 4 \sqrt{2} + 4 4 2 + 4
점 O \mathrm{O} O 에서 밑면 A B C D \mathrm{ABCD} ABCD 에 내린 수선의 발을 H \mathrm{H} H 라 하면
점 H \mathrm{H} H 는 선분 B D \mathrm{BD} BD 의 중점이고 선분 B D \mathrm{BD} BD 는 정사각형 A B C D \mathrm{ABCD} ABCD 의 대각선이므로
B D ‾ = 2 ⋅ B C ‾ \displaystyle \mathrm{\overline{BD}} = \sqrt{2} \cdot \mathrm{\overline{BC}} BD = 2 ⋅ BC
H B ‾ \displaystyle \mathrm{\overline{HB}} HB = B D ‾ 2 \displaystyle \mathrm{=} \frac{\overline{BD}}{2} = 2 B D = 2 2 ⋅ B C ‾ \displaystyle \mathrm{=} \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \cdot \overline{BC} = 2 2 ⋅ B C = 2 2 ( 4 2 + 4 ) \displaystyle = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \left( 4 \sqrt{2} + 4 \right) = 2 2 ( 4 2 + 4 ) = 4 + 2 2 \displaystyle = 4 + 2 \sqrt{2} = 4 + 2 2
한편, 직각삼각형 O H B \mathrm{OHB} OHB 에서 선분 O B \mathrm{OB} OB 가 빗변이므로
O H ‾ 2 = O B ‾ 2 − H B ‾ 2 \displaystyle \mathrm{\overline{OH}} ^{2} = \overline{OB} ^{2} - \overline{HB} ^{2} OH 2 = O B 2 − H B 2
= ( 4 2 + 4 ) 2 − ( 4 + 2 2 ) 2 \displaystyle = \left( 4 \sqrt{2} + 4 \right) ^{2} - \left( 4 + 2 \sqrt{2} \right) ^{2} = ( 4 2 + 4 ) 2 − ( 4 + 2 2 ) 2
= ( 6 2 + 8 ) ( 2 2 ) \displaystyle = \left( 6 \sqrt{2} + 8 \right) \left( 2 \sqrt{2} \right) = ( 6 2 + 8 ) ( 2 2 )
= 24 + 16 2 \displaystyle = 24 + 16 \sqrt{2} = 24 + 16 2
O H ‾ = 24 + 16 2 \displaystyle \mathrm{\overline{OH}} = \sqrt{24 + 16 \sqrt{2}} OH = 24 + 16 2
= 4 6 + 4 2 \displaystyle = \sqrt{4} \sqrt{6 + 4 \sqrt{2}} = 4 6 + 4 2
= 2 6 + 2 8 \displaystyle = 2 \sqrt{6 + 2 \sqrt{8}} = 2 6 + 2 8
= 2 ( 4 + 2 ) \displaystyle = 2 ( \sqrt{4} + \sqrt{2} ) = 2 ( 4 + 2 )
= 4 + 2 2 \displaystyle = 4 + 2 \sqrt{2} = 4 + 2 2 = a + b 2 \displaystyle = a + b \sqrt{2} = a + b 2
a = 4 , b = 2 a = 4 , b = 2 a = 4 , b = 2
10 a + b 10 a + b 10 a + b = 10 ⋅ 4 + 2 = 10 \cdot 4 + 2 = 10 ⋅ 4 + 2 = 42 = 42 = 42
[다른 풀이1]
사각뿔 O − A B C D \mathrm{O} - ABCD O − A B C D 의 한 모서리의 길이를 k k k 라 하자.
O D ‾ \displaystyle \mathrm{\overline{OD}} OD = O B ‾ = k \displaystyle \mathrm{=} \overline{OB} \mathit{=} k = O B = k , B D ‾ = 2 × B C ‾ = 2 k \displaystyle \mathrm{\overline{BD}} = \sqrt{2} \times \overline{BC} = \sqrt{2} \mathit{k} BD = 2 × B C = 2 k 이므로
O D ‾ 2 + O B ‾ 2 = k 2 + k 2 \displaystyle \mathrm{\overline{OD}} ^{2} + \overline{OB} ^{2} = \mathit{k} ^{2} + k ^{2} OD 2 + O B 2 = k 2 + k 2 = ( 2 k ) 2 \displaystyle = \left( \sqrt{2} k \right) ^{2} = ( 2 k ) 2 = B D ‾ 2 \displaystyle \mathrm{=} \overline{BD} ^{2} = B D 2
따라서 삼각형 O B D \mathrm{OBD} OBD 는 선분 B D \mathrm{BD} BD 가 빗변인 직각이등변삼각형이다.
1 2 × B D ‾ × O H ‾ = 1 2 × O D ‾ × O B ‾ \displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \times \mathrm{\overline{BD}} \times \overline{OH} = \frac{1}{2} \times \overline{OD} \times \overline{OB} 2 1 × BD × O H = 2 1 × O D × O B 에서
O H ‾ = O D ‾ × O B ‾ B D ‾ \displaystyle \mathrm{\overline{OH}} = \frac{\overline{OD} \times \overline{OB}}{\overline{BD}} OH = B D O D × O B = k × k 2 k \displaystyle = \frac{k \times k}{\sqrt{2} k} = 2 k k × k = 1 2 k \displaystyle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} k = 2 1 k = 1 2 × ( 4 2 + 4 ) \displaystyle = \frac{\mathrm{1}}{\sqrt{2}} \times \left( 4 \sqrt{2} + 4 \right) = 2 1 × ( 4 2 + 4 )
= 4 + 2 2 \displaystyle = 4 + 2 \sqrt{2} = 4 + 2 2
[다른 풀이2]
A D ‾ = O D ‾ \displaystyle \mathrm{\overline{AD}} = \overline{OD} AD = O D , A B ‾ = O B ‾ \displaystyle \mathrm{\overline{AB}} = \overline{OB} AB = O B , 선분 B D ‾ \displaystyle \mathrm{\overline{BD}} BD (공통)이므로
△ A B D ≡ △ O B D \mathrm{\triangle} ABD \equiv \triangle OBD △ A B D ≡ △ O B D (SSS합동)
O H ‾ = H A ‾ = 1 2 A B ‾ \displaystyle \mathrm{\overline{OH}} = \overline{HA} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \overline{AB} OH = H A = 2 1 A B = 1 2 × ( 4 2 + 4 ) \displaystyle = \frac{\mathrm{1}}{\sqrt{2}} \times \left( 4 \sqrt{2} + 4 \right) = 2 1 × ( 4 2 + 4 ) = 4 + 2 2 \displaystyle = 4 + 2 \sqrt{2} = 4 + 2 2